6. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

6.1 Establishment of the National Commission for Science and Technology
6.2 Functions of the Commission
6.3 Structure of the Commission

Establishment of the National Commission for Science and Technology
Evidence shows clearly that the economic development of a nation is directly related to the level of development in science and technology. The natural resource endowment of a nation is no longer a strong factor in determining the economic development of the nation as the case was before. Consequently, it is essential for Malawi to elevate the role of science and technology in her socio-economic development. To this end a National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) will be established as a key strategy for enhancing both the development and application of science and technology in socio-economic development endeavours of Malawi. The Commission will be a Government body established by a Science and Technology Act. It shall derive its authority from the Office of the President and Cabinet to ensure that it reaches out to the highest levels and all sectors of economic and social development of the Government. The general and specific functions of the Commission will be as outlined below.

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Functions of the Commission

1. General Function

The Commission shall be the principal body providing S&T advice to the Government and other stakeholders on all science and technology matters in order to achieve a Science and Technology-Led Development Strategy.

2. Specific Functions

  1. Create science and technology awareness at the political and other levels of society and thereby obtain their commitment towards the value of science and technology as integral parts of national development strategies;
  2. Establish mechanisms to solicit support from the executive and legislative branches of Government, policy-makers and the private sector in order to promote the formulation and revision of policies, strategies, laws and regulations for science and technology and the monitoring of the implementation of science and technology development activities;
  3. Source funding from within and outside Malawi to finance the national research and development effort and allocate the funds to research institutions based on set priorities;
  4. Chart out national direction and establish national priorities in science and technology development in relation to socio-economic development needs;
  5. Appraise, review, monitor and evaluate priority research and development programmes, plans and projects of research and development institutions and undertake independently or in collaboration with any appropriate person, body or institution surveys and research investigations considered necessary;
  6. Promote and advocate for the development of science and technology human resources by building capacity in science and technology education and training programmes and providing assistance in the development of appropriate science and technology curricula for the various levels of the education system;
  7. Create a conducive working environment for science and technology personnel in order to retain them and attract those outside Malawi to return through, inter-alia, providing appropriate science and technology infrastructures and facilities,
  8. Encourage the use of local expertise in science and technology matters through use of professional standards, ethics and guidelines and support professional science and technology associations;
  9. Encourage the establishment of research institutions that undertake research and development activities, which promote national socio-economic development and other specialized research, and development activities in a manner that enhances cooperation and collaboration among national and international science and technology personnel and institutions;
  10. Organize national science and technology fairs and open-days so as to promote science and technology awareness and culture; document, consolidate and disseminate relevant science and technology information and promote the role of information and communication technologies;
  11. Promote the transfer of technology through various methods and training, purchase and licence agreements and joint venture agreements with foreign partners, establish and maintain national capacity for negotiating, monitoring and regulating technology transfer agreements;
  12. Promote and encourage the patenting and commercialization of research results to enhance economic diversification, competitiveness and employment generation;
  13. Promote sustainable socio-economic development through the generation and application of environmentally friendly technologies in order to protect and conserve natural resources;
  14. Develop and synthesize science and technology indicators covering such aspects as research and development statistics, bibliometrics, technology balance of payments statistics, patent data, human resources and innovation data using internationally accepted procedures and standards;
  15. Conduct an inquiry into any matter being investigated by the Commission;
  16. Sponsor such national and international scientific conferences as it may consider appropriate;
  17. Promote and maintain cooperation in science and technology with similar bodies in other countries and with international bodies connected with science and technology;
  18. Prepare, every two years, a State of Science and Technology Report for presentation to the National Assembly; and
  19. Perform any other function or activity related to science and technology.
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Structure of the Commission

1. Commissioners

Commissioners, appointed in accordance with the Science and Technology Act, shall form the body that will exercise management and control of the Commission in a manner that is in common practice in Malawi. The President of the Republic of Malawi shall appoint a competent and high-level personality to be the Chairperson of the Commission. The composition of the Commission shall be broad-based and multi-disciplinary in nature covering the strategic sectors of the economy. It shall comprise eight members from industry, academia, R&D institutions or individuals prominent in S&T issues and members of the civil society.

2. Parliamentary Committee responsible for Science and Technology

There should be a Parliamentary Committee responsible for Science and Technology whose functions would be to provide a voice for S&T matters in the National Assembly. The Committee shall ensure that S&T is integrated into the national budget by the time it is approved by Parliament and that S&T is applied in socio-economic development processes of Malawi. The Committee shall also consider the biennial "State of Science and Technology" report before it is presented to Parliament.

3. Cabinet Committee responsible for Science and Technology

There should be a Cabinet Committee responsible for Science and Technology whose overall function would be to monitor the development and application of science and technology in national development processes. The Committee shall also preview the "State of Science and Technology" report before it is sent to Parliament.

4. Director General

A Director General who shall be the Chief Executive and serve as Science and Technology Advisor to the Minister shall head the Commission. In order to ensure that the Director General performs to the high expectations of both the scientific community and the general public, he/she shall be a competent person of high standing in a science and technology field with good management skills and appointed through competitive interviews on a renewable contract of five years based on an agreed set of performance indicators.

5. Secretariat

There shall be a Commission Secretariat which will be headed by the Director General. The Secretariat shall be responsible for implementing the programmes of the Commission and shall perform the following specific functions:
  1. Provide technical and administrative backup services to the meetings and other functions of the National Commission for Science and Technology and the Sectoral Committees;
  2. Prepare and present to the Commission S&T programmes for their approval in accordance with the policy provisions of the Science and Technology Act;
  3. Manage and coordinate S&T funds in accordance with general and specific directions of the Commission;
  4. Maintain liaison with national and international agencies that provide financial and technical support for the implementation of the S&T policy;
  5. Coordinate all science and technology related issues in the country;
  6. Prepare annual reports on the progress made for consideration by the Commission; and
  7. Perform such other functions assigned by the Commission from time to time

6. Sectoral Committees

There shall be Sectoral Committees which shall have direct reporting responsibilities to the Commission through the Director General. The Sectoral Committees shall, among other members, comprise of Science and Technology Directors who shall be appointed in each relevant Ministry as a link between the sectoral Ministry and the Commission. The Science and Technology Directors shall have the overall responsibility of coordinating S&T issues in their respective Ministries.