IN THE HIGH COURT OF MALAWI
PRINCIPAL REGISTRY
CIVIL
CAUSE NO. 2442 OF 2003
BETWEEN:
BROWN PINDANI …………………………………………………….. PLAINTIFF
AND
GODFREY MDUMUKA ……………………………………………1ST
DEFENDANT
SHOPRITE TRADING LIMITED ………………………………2ND
DEFENDANT
This is this court’s order on the assessment of damages herein. The assessment was done pursuant to a default judgment entered in favour of the plaintiff for damages for pain and suffering, loss of amenities of life, false imprisonment and defamation. The plaintiff also got a default judgment for constitutional damages for the violation of his right to human dignity, special damages and costs of the instant action. The notice of hearing of the assessment of damages was duly served on the defendants who never appeared on the appointed date. That left the plaintiff’s evidence totally unchallenged.
The
plaintiff was working for the 2nd defendant as garbage selector on
20th May, 2003 when he was alleged to have stolen a can of
fanta. The 1st defendant,
then a branch Manager of the 2nd defendant made the allegation of
theft of the can of fanta against the plaintiff after finding an unopened can
of fanta amongst the garbage that the plaintiff was about to sort out.
Upon
making that allegation the 1st defendant grabbed the plaintiff by
the arm and took him to the 2nd defendant shop’s cold room. Oce in the cold room the 1st
defendant bound the plaintiff’s hands at the back of the plaintiff and started
beating him up with a security button stick so that the plaintiff admit the
theft of the can of fanta. The 1st
defendant beat up the plaintiff in the ankle and wrist joints for about an
hour. After that the 1st
defendant told the plaintiff to go to the till and pay for twice the value of
the can of fanta. The plaintiff, who
could barely walk as a result of the beating, was helped to the till where he
paid twice the price of can of fanta at K71.98. And when the plaintiff was paying this sum the 1st
defendant said to the till operator that the plaintiff was a thief and so had
to pay twice the price of the car of fanta.
The plaintiff went to Queens Central Hospital where he was examined and
treated. As a result of the beating the
plaintiff suffered swollen sprained ankle joints.
This
court notes that in cases of assault occasioning bodily harm the measure of
damages is the same as that in personal injuries for pain and suffering. See Nankhoma
v. Attorney General Civil Cause Number 3623 of 2000. In assessing such damages the court has to
necessarily consider the facts in each particular case and also seek guidance
from awards made in decided cases of comparable nature.
The
plaintiff herein was barbarically assaulted with a button stick on mere
unproven allegations and when he was totally defenceless. The plaintiff was assaulted for a
considerable time as well viz an hour.
The plaintiff must have suffered lot of pain to the extent that his
ankle joints were sprained and he could not walk from the 2nd
defendant’s shop to the bus stage. This
court has also considered the case of Nankhoma v. Attorney General cited above to seek guidance on the
appropriate level of damages for assault.
In that case the plaintiff was beaten up by a group of people and
suffered wounds on her back, chest, legs and arms. She was awarded K55,000.00 for the assault. This court notes that the injuries suffered
in that case are far more serious than the ones suffered by the plaintiff
herein. And further, that the kwacha
has lost some value since that award was made.
In the
circumstances of the present case this court awards the plaintiff the sum of
K100,000.00 as damages for the assault.
On the
plaintiff’s claim for loss of amenities of life this court does not find any
evidence suggesting that he lost enjoyment of any amenity of life. No award is therefore made under that head.
On the
claim for damages for false imprisonment this court notes that the measure of damages depends on several
factors, inter alia, the duration of imprisonment and conditions of
imprisonment.
Such
damages are recoverable for loss of dignity, humiliation and mental suffering
occasioned by the incarceration. See Mwandama
v Malikebu Civil Cause
Number 751 of 1996. This court has had
an opportunity to consider the level of awards in similar cases to the instant
one like that of Mwandama v. Malikebu cited above in which
the plaintiff, who had been incarcerated for 1½ hours in an open police station
after being beaten, was awarded K7,000.00 as damages for false imprisonment in
March, 2001. This court also notes the
depreciation of the value of the Kwacha since that award that has been referred
to for guidance only.
In the
present case the plaintiff’s hands were bound at his back and he was
incarcerated in the 2nd defendant’s cold room for about one
hour. That must have been a very depressing experience for the
plaintiff. He must have felt very humiliated. The cold in the cold room must have added a
lot of suffering to the plaintiff on top of the binding of his arms.
In the
circumstances of the instant case as alluded to above this court is of the view
that an award of K70,000.00 for false imprisonment herein is fair and
reasonable. The sum of K70,000.00 is
therefore awarded to the plaintiff for false imprisonment. On the plaintiff’s claim for damages for
defamation this court notes that several factors are considered in arriving at
appropriate awards. Such factors as:
the context of the defamatory material; the nature and extent of the defamatory
publication including the aspect of reproduction; the plaintiff’s standing, his
reputation, character and status; nature of defamation – libel or slander;
conduct of defendant from time of publication and recklessness in publication. See Justice Mwaungulu vs. Malawi
News Civil Cause Number 518
of 1994.
This
court notes that the 1st defendant orally defamed the
plaintiff. He slandered him. The extent of reproduction of the slander
ought not to be extensive as far as the evidence is concerned. Although there is no evidence of charges
being brought against the plaintiff the 1st defendant never showed
any remorse for his defamatory words.
The slander was also recklessly uttered.
In the
circumstances this court is of the view that the sum of K30,000.00 is fair and
reasonable as damages for the defamation herein. The same is awarded to the plaintiff as damages for
defamation. The plaintiff’s claim for
K71.98 special damages herein also succeeds as the defendant’s never proved
that the plaintiff indeed stole the can of fanta as alleged. And so K71.98 special damages is awarded to
the plaintiff.
The court
does not though recognize the head of damages termed “constitutional damages
for the violation of the plaintiff’s right to human dignity”. This aspect of violation of the plaintiff’s
constitutional right to human dignity has already been catered for in the
awards under the heads of damages for assault, false imprisonment and defamation
above. And so this court declines to
award damages on the constitutional footing as claimed.
And
finally, the costs of this action are awarded to the plaintiff who has wholly
succeeded in his claim.
Made in
Chambers at BLANTYRE this
…………April, 2004.